![]() ![]() Using Singapore as a case study, this paper examines how the discourses of democratic elitism and meritocracy help allocate different citizen roles to students and define the nature of the social studies citizenship education programmes for different educational tracks. “Sorting Citizens: Differentiated Citizenship Education in Singapore” The chapter concludes that the narratives presented in Cham manuscripts connected to Po Romé establish a uniquely Cham understanding of history as sakarai.Īssistant Professor of Social Studies Education, Department of Curriculum and Instruction, UW-Madison The inherent co-dependent relationship between awal and ahier is thought to be the key to understanding Cham culture and the universe. Meanwhile, ahier represents the sun, masculinity and Indic oriented elements of the universe. ![]() Awal and ahier are Arabic root loan words meaning ‘first’ and ‘last.’ In Cham philosophical conceptions, awal represents the moon, femininity and Islamic oriented elements of the universe. ![]() Finally, Po Romé’s reign is credited with the re-solidification of the Cham philosophy of awal and ahier. Third, Po Romé’s reign established the luni-solar sakawi calendar that is used to bring Hindu oriented and Islamic oriented elements of Cham society together through calendar rituals and life-cycle oriented events, which always occur during ‘auspicious times’ according to the sakawi calendar. His reign also established the Cham script Akhar Thrah, still used by both Eastern and Western Cham speakers today – although variants of Arabic script also became popular. He established a peace between the warring Cham Balamon Shaivite Hindu influenced majority and Bini Islamic influenced minority. For the first time, a member of the Churu highland servant class intermarried with a Bini-Islamic influenced religious minority-Cham princess and became the ruler of the last Champa negara polity, Panduranga. This presentation begins with the argument that Po Romé’s reign was a watershed moment in the history of the Cham. “Po Romé : Champa’s First Highland Sovereign as a Watershed Moment in Cham History” Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Expand Collapseĭoctoral Candidate, Department of History, UW-Madison.Justice in Southeast Asia Lab (JSEALab).Southeast Asia Country Information and Resources.Indonesian Flagship Language Initiative (IFLI).Southeast Asian Studies Summer Institute (SEASSI). ![]() FLAS Awardees and Center Fellowships Recipients. ![]()
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